Scottish Gaelic language

Alternative names (including historical names and autoglottonyms): Scots Gaelic, Gaelic

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Volume 10. Germanic languages. Celtic languages
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Genealogy

Indo-European → Celtic → Goidelic

Geography

Main country: United Kingdom (show on the map)

Identifiers

Glottolog: scot1245
ISO-639-3: gla
PHOIBLE: scot1245
WALS: gae

Features

Phonemic structure

[A‑1]	Number of degrees of vowel height	Four [A‑1‑3]
[A‑2]	Vowel height degrees	Close, mid and open [A‑2‑3]
[A‑4]	Degrees of vowel backness	Front and back [A‑4‑2]
[A‑5]	Presence of length degrees	Present [A‑5‑1]
[A‑6]	Number of length degrees	Two [A‑6‑1]
[A‑7]	Presence of vowel opposition in labialization	Present [A‑7‑1]
[A‑8]	Vowel opposition in labialization	Present for back vowels [A‑8‑3]
[A‑9]	Presence of vowel opposition in nasalization	Absent [A‑9‑2]
[A‑15]	Inventory of obstruents by laryngeal features	Opposition by presence and absence of voice [A‑15‑1]
[A‑16]	Inventory of obstruents by manner of articulation	Plosives and fricatives [A‑16‑1]
[A‑17]	Inventory of obstruents by place of articulation	Labial, coronal, velar/uvular and laryngeal [A‑17‑4]
[A‑18]	Inventory of labial obstruents by place of articulation	Bilabial and labiodental [A‑18‑2]
[A‑19]	Inventory of coronal obstruents by place of articulation	Dental and alveolar [A‑19‑6]
[A‑20]	Inventory of guttural obstruents by place of articulation	Velar [A‑20‑1]
[A‑21]	Inventory of postuvular obstruents by place of articulation	Only pharyngeal [A‑21‑1]
[A‑22]	Additional articulatory oppositions of obstruents	By palatalization [A‑22‑3]
[A‑23]	Inventory of sonorants by manner of articulation	Nasal, liquid and vibrant [A‑23‑2]
[A‑24]	Inventory of sonorants by place of articulation	Labial, coronal and guttural [A‑24‑16]
[A‑25]	Additional articulatory oppositions of sonorants	By palatalization [A‑25‑3]

Prosodic phenomena

[B‑1]	Basic prosodic unit	Stress [B‑1‑1]
[B‑2]	Prosodic unit carrier	Syllable [B‑2‑1]
[B‑3]	Character of prosodic unit by its choice	Phonological [B‑3‑1]
[B‑4]	Stress type (quality characteristics)	Dynamic [B‑4‑1]
[B‑5]	Stress fixedness	Fixed [B‑5‑2]
[B‑6]	Fixed stress types	Strictly fixed [B‑6‑1]
[B‑7]	Stress pattern in inflection	Fixed [B‑7‑2]
[B‑8]	Strictly fixed stress type (by position in a word)	First syllable [B‑8‑1]
[B‑15]	Length character	Phonological [B‑15‑1]

Syllable

[C‑1]	Syllable onset	Both null and non-null onset possible [C‑1‑4]
[C‑2]	Syllable coda	Both null and non-null coda possible [C‑2‑4]
[C‑3]	Consonant clusters in syllable	Consonant clusters are possible at both the onset and the coda of syllable [C‑3‑4]

Phonologic structure and phenomena

[D‑8]	Differences between native and borrowed words	Present [D‑8‑2]
[D‑9]	Types of differences between native and borrowed words	Differences in accentuation [D‑9‑2]
[D‑12]	Functional type of alternations	Distinctive [D‑12‑3]
[D‑13]	Type of altenations	Consonant alternations [D‑13‑2]

Morphological type of language

[E‑1]	Type of language by type of morpheme combination in a word	Fusional [E‑1‑3]
[E‑2]	Fusional type features	Cumulative affixes [E‑2‑2]
[E‑4]	Type of language by degree of morpheme cohesion	Synthetic with elements of analytism [E‑4‑6]

Nominal classifications

No filled features for this language.

Number

[G‑4]

Agreement in number

Predicative [G‑4‑2]

Case meanings

[H‑1]	Number of noun cases	One-two [H‑1‑1]
[H‑2]	Subject and object marking	Case affixes, verbal agreement, and word order [H‑2‑13]
[H‑9]	Secondary cases	Absent [H‑9‑2]

Verbal categories

[I‑6]	Aspect and tense expression	Separate [I‑6‑1]
[I‑7]	Expression of tense categories	Affixes [I‑7‑1]
[I‑8]	Syncretic expression of several verb meanings	Person and number [I‑8‑4]

Deictic categories

[J‑8]	Expression of negation	Negative particles [J‑8‑3]
[J‑9]	Negation marker position	Preposition [J‑9‑3]

Parts of speech and inflection

[K‑8]	Verb agreement types	Subject [K‑8‑2]
[K‑16]	Inflectional categories of noun	Number and case [K‑16‑7]
[K‑17]	Cumulative expression of several categories in noun	Number and case [K‑17‑6]
[K‑18]	Inflection means	Affixes [K‑18‑2]
[K‑19]	Word form model	Mainly or only suffixal [K‑19‑4]

Word formation

[L‑1]	Word formation means	Derivation and compounding [L‑1‑12]
[L‑2]	Derivation affixes	Suffixes [L‑2‑2]

Simple sentence

[M‑1]	Morphosyntactic alignment	Accusative [M‑1‑3]
[M‑2]	Word order fixedness	Fixed [M‑2‑1]
[M‑3]	Dominant word order	VSO [M‑3‑3]

Complex sentence

[N‑1]	Clauses order in compound sentence	Not fixed [N‑1‑3]
[N‑4]	Compound sentence types	Subordination and compounding [N‑4‑4]
[N‑5]	Compound sentence syndesis and asyndeton	Syndesis dominant [N‑5‑1]

Unfilled features

The encyclopedia contains no information

[A-3] Opposition in openness/closedness for vowel height degrees
[A-11] Vowel opposition in pharyngealization
[A-12] Vowel opposition in ATR
[A-13] Diphthongs and triphthongs
[A-14] Types of diphthongs
[A-26] Inventory of fricatives by place of articulation
[B-16] Target of vowel harmony
[B-17] Feature of vowel harmony
[B-18] Trigger of vowel harmony
[B-20] Types of phonation
[D-1] Restrictions on the phonemic structure in the initial position
[D-2] Types of restrictions on the phonemic structure in the initial position
[D-3] Restrictions on the phonemic structure in the final position
[D-4] Types of restrictions on the phonemic structure in the final position
[D-5] Variants of characteristics of the syllabic structure of words
[D-6] Differences between content and function words
[D-7] Types of differences between content and function words
[D-10] Differences between roots and affixes
[D-11] Types of differences between roots and affixes
[E-3] Agglutinative type features
[F-1] Number of agreement classes
[F-2] Morphological expression of agreement classes
[F-3] Syntactic expression of agreement classes
[F-4] Other means of expressing agreement classes
[F-5] Attributive agreement in gender
[F-6] Agreement of cardinal numerals in gender
[F-7] Nouns classifying categories
[F-8] Opposition by person/non-person
[F-9] Expression of animacy/inanimacy
[G-1] Number in nouns
[G-2] Single number marking
[G-3] Honorific forms in pronouns and verbs
[G-5] Form of a noun in numeral phrases
[G-6] Numeral system
[H-3] Case of nominal predicate
[H-4] Case marking of possessive relations
[H-5] Other means of expressing possessive relations
[H-6] Means of expressing spatial relations
[H-8] Case marking of animate and inanimate nouns
[I-1] Voice forms expression
[I-2] Voice stacking in the same verb form
[I-3] Double voice forms
[I-4] Voice forms coincidence
[I-5] Tense forms
[I-9] Marking of person in present tense verbs
[I-10] Transitivity marker
[J-1] Pronominal words
[J-2] Expression of deictic categories
[J-3] Function words expressing spatial orientation of action
[J-4] Content words expressing spatial orientation of action
[J-5] Morphological expression of (in)definiteness
[J-6] Words expressing (in)definiteness
[J-7] Grammatical ways to express politeness
[K-1] Personal pronouns inflection
[K-2] Articles
[K-3] Indefinite article and numeral 'one'
[K-4] Article place
[K-5] Position of article in noun phrase
[K-6] Grammar categories of article
[K-7] Number of conjugation types
[K-9] Agreement categories expressed in participle
[K-10] Tense expressed by participle
[K-11] Adverb grammar categories
[K-12] Agreement categories expressed in adjective
[K-13] Cumulative expression of several categories in adjective
[K-14] Attribute agreement of adjectives
[K-15] Attributive agreement types
[L-3] Stems relations in stem compounding
[M-4] Order of nouns and its modifier
[M-5] Pro-drop
[N-2] Dependent clause distinctions in complex sentences
[N-3] Dependent clause predicate