Bashkardi dialects

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Volume 5. Iranian languages. I. South-Western Iranian languages
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Genealogy

Indo-European → Indo-Iranian → Iranian → Southwestern Iranian

Geography

Main country: Iran (show on the map)

Identifiers

Glottolog: bash1263
ISO-639-3: bsg

Features

Phonemic structure

[A‑4]	Degrees of vowel backness	Front and back [A‑4‑2]
[A‑5]	Presence of length degrees	Present [A‑5‑1]
[A‑6]	Number of length degrees	Two [A‑6‑1]
[A‑7]	Presence of vowel opposition in labialization	Absent [A‑7‑2]
[A‑9]	Presence of vowel opposition in nasalization	Absent [A‑9‑2]
[A‑11]	Vowel opposition in pharyngealization	No vowel opposition in pharyngealization [A‑11‑1]
[A‑12]	Vowel opposition in ATR	No vowel opposition in ATR [A‑12‑1]
[A‑13]	Diphthongs and triphthongs	No diphthongs and triphthongs [A‑13‑1]

Prosodic phenomena

[B‑1]	Basic prosodic unit	Stress [B‑1‑1]
[B‑2]	Prosodic unit carrier	Syllable [B‑2‑1]
[B‑3]	Character of prosodic unit by its choice	Phonological [B‑3‑1]
[B‑4]	Stress type (quality characteristics)	Dynamic [B‑4‑1]
[B‑15]	Length character	Phonological [B‑15‑1]

Syllable

[C‑1]	Syllable onset	Both null and non-null onset possible [C‑1‑4]
[C‑2]	Syllable coda	Both null and non-null coda possible [C‑2‑4]

Phonologic structure and phenomena

No filled features for this language.

Morphological type of language

[E‑1]	Type of language by type of morpheme combination in a word	Fusional with some agglutinative features [E‑1‑4]
[E‑3]	Agglutinative type features	One flection can only express one meaning, single inflection/conjugation type, no phonetic alternations in morphemes, basic form bare stem [E‑3‑6]
[E‑4]	Type of language by degree of morpheme cohesion	Synthetic with elements of analytism [E‑4‑6]

Nominal classifications

[F‑1]	Number of agreement classes	No agreement classes [F‑1‑1]
[F‑8]	Opposition by person/non-person	Lexical [F‑8‑1]
[F‑9]	Expression of animacy/inanimacy	Lexical [F‑9‑1]

Number

[G‑1]	Number in nouns	Singular and plural [G‑1‑1]
[G‑2]	Single number marking	Unmarked [G‑2‑2]
[G‑3]	Honorific forms in pronouns and verbs	Absent [G‑3‑1]
[G‑4]	Agreement in number	Predicative [G‑4‑2]

Case meanings

[H‑1]

Number of noun cases

No case [H‑1‑6]

Verbal categories

[I‑2]	Voice stacking in the same verb form	Absent [I‑2‑2]
[I‑5]	Tense forms	Past [I‑5‑1]
[I‑5]	Tense forms	Present [I‑5‑2]
[I‑5]	Tense forms	Non-past [I‑5‑5]
[I‑6]	Aspect and tense expression	Syncretic [I‑6‑2]
[I‑8]	Syncretic expression of several verb meanings	Person, number, tense, aspect, and modality (mood) [I‑8‑17]
[I‑9]	Marking of person in present tense verbs	In singular and plural [I‑9‑3]
[I‑10]	Transitivity marker	Special type of agreement [I‑10‑5]

Deictic categories

[J‑1]	Pronominal words	Pronouns-nouns and pronouns-adjectives [J‑1‑11]
[J‑2]	Expression of deictic categories	Demonstrative pronouns and postpositions [J‑2‑15]
[J‑3]	Function words expressing spatial orientation of action	Prepositions [J‑3‑3]
[J‑4]	Content words expressing spatial orientation of action	Pronouns [J‑4‑4]
[J‑5]	Morphological expression of (in)definiteness	Noun affixes [J‑5‑2]
[J‑6]	Words expressing (in)definiteness	Articles [J‑6‑1]

Parts of speech and inflection

[K‑1]	Personal pronouns inflection	Pronouns are not inflected [K‑1‑1]
[K‑2]	Articles	Only definite [K‑2‑3]
[K‑4]	Article place	Postposition [K‑4‑2]
[K‑5]	Position of article in noun phrase	Single article preceding the phrase [K‑5‑1]
[K‑7]	Number of conjugation types	Single type of conjugation [K‑7‑1]
[K‑8]	Verb agreement types	Subject and object [K‑8‑3]
[K‑9]	Agreement categories expressed in participle	Absent [K‑9‑1]
[K‑10]	Tense expressed by participle	Past [K‑10‑4]
[K‑17]	Cumulative expression of several categories in noun	Absent [K‑17‑1]
[K‑19]	Word form model	Prefixal-suffixal [K‑19‑1]

Word formation

[L‑1]	Word formation means	Derivation [L‑1‑6]
[L‑2]	Derivation affixes	Suffixes [L‑2‑2]

Simple sentence

[M‑3]	Dominant word order	SOV [M‑3‑2]
[M‑5]	Pro-drop	Impossible [M‑5‑2]

Complex sentence